The regulatory role of optimism in the relationship between the crisis management applications of tourism enterprises and the business performance in the COVID-19 pandemic process: An example of the Tr90 region

The corona virus epidemic, which emerged in Wuhan, China, affected the world in a short time, and was shortened as the COVID-19 Global Epidemic, continues to spread rapidly despite many measures. This epidemic, which has affected the tourism sector as well as many other sectors, caused great losses in the tourism industry, especially in the number of tourists and tourism income. The restriction of travel and the decision to stop or suspend the activities of the enterprises in the tourism sector, as in most sectors, are among the most important reasons for the COVID-19 Global Epidemic to be associated with tourism within the scope of this study. The aim of the study is to reveal whether optimism has a regulatory role in the relationship between the crisis management practices adopted by the managers of tourism enterprises and the performance of the enterprises in the fight against the global epidemic caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical background of the study is based on positive orientation and conversation of resources theories. The population of the study consists of accommodation businesses, travel businesses, and food and beverage businesses working staff operating in the TR90 Region (Trabzon, Giresun, Rize, Ordu, Artvin, Gümüşhane). The data of the study were collected by using the "Crisis Management Practices Scale" developed by İsraeli and Reichel (2003), by Çiftçi (2015) adapted to Turkish, "Optimism Scale" which is one of the dimensions of the "Positive Orientation Scale" developed by Scheier and Carver (1985), by Sürücü (2016) adapted to Turkish and the "Business Performance Scale on Consumers" developed by Kuşluvan and Eren (2008). In line with the conclusions obtained from the study, it was concluded that optimism has a regulatory role in the relationship between crisis management practices and business performance in accommodation businesses, travel businesses and food and beverage businesses.