Numerical analysis of different breakwater parameters in breakwater design

Breakwaters which are the most frequently encountered structures have builded for protection on our shores. They differ in various forms according to their intended use. There are many parameters that affect their design. Within the scope of the study, rubble mound breakwaters are studied. When we first look at the rubble mound breakwaters, we see rock as an armour layer or artificial concrete blocks placed for protection purposes. These armour elements vary according to the depth at which the structure is built and the geometrical parameters of the breakwater design. The aim of this study is to evaluate different wave characteristics selected from the Aegean and Black Sea regions of the Turkish coast, and to study two different breakwater designs consisting of both rock and artificial concrete blocks to be selected. These designs were compared both within themselves and with their applications in different regions analytically and numerically. Deep water wave parameters obtained from the study areas are subjected to the wave transformation calculations available in the literature and transformated into the breakwater toe. The tonnages found as a result of the designs and the formulas used such as Hudson, Van der Meer and Van Gent; wave height, wave period, structure porosity, damage parameters etc. design parameters used in the design were also compared with the Breakwat program and no difference was found. According to the designs obtained, the hydraulic stability, the tonnage of the armour element and the economic aspects of the work, the designs and approaches as well as the applicability of the designs are compared. In addition to hydraulic stability, slope stability is an important parameter in the design of the breakwater. Considering this situation, slope stability analyzes were performed using Plaxis 2D software, which works with the finite element method, to determine the stability of the designed sections. In the strength reduction method, which is a widely used method in the literature while performing slope stability analyzes with the finite element method, the shear strength parameters of the soil, cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (φ), are reduced until the equilibrium state disappears and the slope collapses. While making this reduction, the actual shear strength parameters of the soil are divided into a series of safety numbers and elastoplastic analyzes are performed using these new soil parameters. After the building modeling was completed and the soils were defined, the model mesh was created as the next step. The loading type used in the analyzes was chosen as Staged Construction. Slope stability analyzes were solved in 4 main steps: initialization, displacement resetting, filling construction and slope stability analysis. As a result of the analyzes, the total displacements, deviatoric displacement and safety number values were calculated in case of failure in the sections. Thus, many design formulas and regulations in the literature were gathered under a single study, and with the findings obtained as a guide on the design of the breakwater, suggestions were presented for extracting the sections of the breakwater.