Investigation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cardioprotective effects of antidiabetic liraglutide and empagliflozin in experimental diabetic rats

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of antidiabetic liraglutid and evpagliflozine on some markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes mellitus (DM) and to compare two drugs in terms of these effects. Materials and Methods:37 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups. 1) Healthy control (n=7), 2) DM control (n=10), 3) DM + Liraglutide (n=10) 0.6 mg/kg liraglutide was administered subcutaneously to rats in this group, 4) DM + Empagliflozin (n=10) ) group was given empagliflozin at a dose of 30 mg/kg to the rats in this group by oral gavage. In the DM groups, 110 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) nicotinamide (NA) was injected, and after 15 minutes, 60 mg/kg i.p STZ injection was made to induce diabetes. Liraglutide and empagliflozin treatments were applied for 8 weeks, and after the final weights and fasting blood glucose were measured at the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed by cardiac puncture under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. TNF-α, IL-1, MDA, SOD, AGE and insulin levels were measured from the blood samples taken. The heart and coronary arteries were taken as tissue and examined histopathologically. Results: When the DM Control Group was compared with healthy controls, it was found that the expected changes in the blood occurred in the blood, and the levels of the FBS, AGE, IL-1, TNF-α and MDA increased significantly and insulin and SOD levels decreased. Liraglutide and empagliflozin treatment decreased blood glucose levels to close levels with healthy control. It was observed that both drugs significantly reduce TNF-α, IL-1, AGE, MDA levels while increasing sod and insulin levels. Histopathological examination of both drugs in the myocardial and coronary artery tissue caused by DM's structural changes, fibrosis, inflammation significantly improved, empagliflozine on myocardial healing effect was observed to be more than liraglutide. Conclusion: Liraglutid and Empagliflozin showed a positive effect on cardiovascular complications, the main cause of deaths caused by DM. It has been observed that these complications alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation that play an important role in pathogenesis and maintain the cardiac and coronary artery structure. As a result, we can say that both drugs can prevent cardiovascular complications in DM patients.