Determination of the effect of pollen and ovary quality on fruit seed setting and seed production in determinant advanced tomato lines

In this study, the effect of pollen viability on seed yield in advanced determinant tomato lines (F5 and above) was investigated. Study, Enza Zaden Tarım R&D Taş. and Tic. ıt was carried out in the company's fields and laboratories, and advanced tomato lines belonging to the determinant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) group, which has beef and plum characteristics in the company's gene pool, were used as genotypes. In the research, pollen viability of the paternal parent used for hybridization; dusting was done by creating 20%, 40%, 60% levels. In the research; pollen viability, stigma thickness, style length, stigma pollen load capacity (%), number of live pollen on the stigma, ovary diameter, stigma length, style diameter, number of unsuccessful hybrids, fruit diameter and length, average fruit weight, fruit color, brix, fructose in the fruit and glucose values, chlorophyll values and the number of ovules. As a result of the research, the effect of 20%, 40% and 60% pollen viability on SCKM, fruit weight and number of unsuccessful hybrids was found to be statistically insignificant, but its effect on genotypes was found to be statistically significant. The highest value in terms of its effect on SCKM was obtained from genotype 23TSPL.0059 (4.96%), while genotype 23TSPL.0072 had the highest value in its effect on average fruit weight with an average of 210.56 g. In terms of the number of unsuccessful hybrids, it was found that the highest value belonged to the 23TSPL.0043 genotype with 15.44. The effect of different pollen viability on the number of seeds and the effect on the number of seeds among genotypes were found to be statistically significant. The average number of seeds for 20% pollen viability was 65.51, for 40% viability 77.78 and for 60% viability 76.34. When the effect of viability on genotypes was examined, it was determined that the highest seed number value was obtained from the 23TSPL.0044 genotype with 138.56 pieces. 23TSPL.0082 (97.9) chlorophyl values, 23TSPL.0046 and 23TSPL.0072 (5.17%) SCKM, 23TSPL.0071 (238.33 g) fruit weight, 23TSPL.0045 (200 pieces) number of seeds, 23TSPL.0086 (29.33%) fructose, 23TSPL.0061 (24.97%) glucose, 23TSPL.0091 (9.2 cm) fruit length, 23TSPL.0045 (8.1 cm) fruit diameter, 23TSPL.0064 (46.87 C*) Chroma, 23TSPL.0076 (59.9 h°) Hue° values, 23TSPL.0058 (46.07) L*, 23TSPL.0066 (87.17%) pollen viability in the stigma, 23TSPL.0082 (97.9 pieces), number of viable pollen in the stigma, 23TSPL.0093 (4.27 mm) ovary diameter, 23TSPL.0071 (408.33 pieces) number of ovules, 23TSPL.0077 (60 µm) stigma length, 23TSPL.0077 (35.33 µm) stigma thickness, 23TSPL.0077 (45 µm) style diameter, 23TSPL.0086 (9.17 mm) style length parameters. In the correlation relationship, a negative correlation was observed between the number of seeds and style length, glucose and fruit length. As the values of these parameters increase, the number of seeds decreases, or as these values decrease, the number of seeds increases. Number of seeds and number of ovules (0.637), ovary diameter (0.337), style diameter (0.512), stigma length (0.529), stigma thickness (0.433), number of live pollens on the stigma (0.458), fruit diameter (0.707), Hue value (0.304) and fruit weight (0.675) parameters were found to be significant at the P<0.01 level with positive correlation coefficient values. It was determined that there was a positive correlation between the parameters chlorophyll (0.029), pollen viability in the stigma (0.175), SÇKM (0.119), fructose (0.073), L* (0.063), Chroma (0.158) and the number of seeds. In hybrid fruits, the effect of SCKM on the number of seeds was found to be insignificant at 20% and 60% pollen viability, but it showed a positive correlation with a coefficient of 0.186* for 40% viability. The effect of fruit weight on the number of seeds at 20%, 40% and 60% pollen viability showed a positive correlation with coefficients of 0.654***, 0.635*** and 0.618*** respectively.