Determination biochemical risk of copper, lead, and cadmium level in some food samples and in the human blood in Iraq

The study included measuring the concentration of heavy elements (lead, copper, cadmium) in some locally produced and imported foodstuffs available in the local markets in Baghdad, which included oil, rice, tea, sugar, tomato paste, noodles, tobacco, canned meat, salt and chewing gum. The study also included measuring the concentrations of the same heavy elements in the blood and serum of four groups. The elements were measured using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer device. The results showed that the sugar, rice, salt, noodles, gums and canned meat samples were free from the presence of heavy elements, there wasa significant differences in the amount of lead and cadmium in the Turkish zir oil sample was (0.08 ± 0.005) and ( 0.012± 0.0005)ppm Respectively. The results also showed amount of copper and cadmium in the Turkish origin Afia oil, was ( 0.10± 0.005 )ppm and ( 0.019 ± 0.0005) ppm respectively, and there was amount of copper in Canadian canola oil, (0.05 ± 0.0005)ppmBut all results are within acceptable limits. The results showed significant differences at the level of 0.05 amount of copper in the tea samples, the sample of Alghazaleenr type (Tea back ) silane origin, was (1.1± 0.57) ppm. And (0.01 ± 1.42) ppm in Ahmad's an England origin, and (0.57 ± 1.08) ppm in the Jihan marked blue bag for Sri Lankan origin. in the apple tea was (0. 22 ± 0.01)ppm. The yellow bag of Cihan tea was 1.48±0.01 ppm, while the du gazal tea sample Sri Lankan origin and Lipton green tea an Egyptian origin were free of copper. And all the tea samples free of Cadmium and lead accept the apple tea was contain of (0.78 ±0.01) ppm and all of them were in acceptable limits. The results showed significant differences at the level of (p> 0.05) in the amount of lead present in tomato paste samples of Altunsa Turkish origin was (6.4 ± 0.57) ppm and the presence of lead in the Kdd tomato paste sample of Kuwaiti origin amounted to (6.00 ± 0.00)ppm and these Higher than the permissible percentages. The study included measuring the concentrations of lead, copper and cadmium elements in blood samples for four groups that included two groups of persons exposed to heavy elements and workers in quality control laboratories (smokers and non-smokers groups) and also included two groups of non-exposed people at the University of Baghdad (smokers and non-smokers)The results of the serum tests showed that the most groups exposed to copper were the group of smokers working in the quality control laboratories, as it showed a significant difference at the level of P≤0.05), as the value reached (8.50 ± 151.03 )ppm followed by the group of exposed non-smokers, as it reached (6.14 ±113.46)ppm Then the group of non-exposed persons working in (Baghdad University) smokers amounted to (4.48 ±95.20 ) ppm and finally the group of normal non-smokers amounted to ( 5.29±79.00 )ppm, The results of the complete blood tests showed that most of the groups exposed to lead were the group of smokers working in the quality control laboratories 1.90 ± 9.94 ppm, then the group of people exposed to lead from non-smokers (0.90 ± 3.24) ppm. Then the group of non-exposed workers in (University of Baghdad) smokers amounted to (0.58 ± 1.52) ppm, and finally the group of non-smokers ordinary amounted to (0.16 ± 0.16) ppm. As for cadmium, the results were significant. A decrease in the blood of exposed smokers reached (0.19 ± 0.37) ppm, then the control group of smokers and the group of non-smokers exposed were both (0.04 ± 0.04) ppm, and finally the control group of non-smokers (workers at Baghdad University) Cadmium free (0.00 ± 0.00)ppm. Keywords: Lead, Copper, Cadmium, Chemical risk, blood