Investigation of weed species vineyard production areas of Diyarbakir province

Viticulture occupies an important place in agricultural production of Diyarbakır province. However, weeds, which are one of the important plant protection problems, interfere the production of grapevines. This study carried during 2017 out to determine the weed species, their densities and frequency of occurrence in 78 vineyards of 13 districts in Diyarbakır province. The surveyed districts included Bağlar, Kayapınar, Sur, Yenişehir, Çermik, Çınar, Çungus, Dicle, Eğil, Ergani, Hani, Lice and Silvan. A total of 165 weed species (1 parasitic, 16 monocotyledons and 148 dicotyledons) belonging to 35 botanical families and 128 genus were identified from the surveyed area. The weed species' density was 91 weeds m-2. The highest number of weed species were recorded in the Ergani district (119 weed species) followed by Silvan (94), Çermik (83), Lice (73), Merkez (72), Çüngüş (68), Eğil Hani (66) Dicle (63) and Çınar (51). Avena sterilis L. was found to be the most widespread weed species with the highest density (9.93 plants m-2) in the surveyed area followed by Fumaria asepale Boiss. (7.18), Galium tricornutum (4.85), Ranunculus arvensis (3.82), Silene aegyptiaca (3.70), Bromus sterilis (3.64) Lamium purpureum (3.58), Hordeum spontaneum (3.35), Anthemis sp. (3.07), Crepis alpina (2.94), Thlaspi perfoliatum (2.91), Alopecurus myosuroides (2.81), Bongardia chrysogonum (2.80), Scandix pecten-veneris (2.24), Cynodon dactylon (1.71), Hypecoum procumbens (1.69), Lolium perenne (1.41), Sorghum halepense (1.33), Sinapis arvensis (1.24), Buglossoides arvense (1.22), Daucus carota (1.21), Trifolium nigrescens (1.21), Vicia hybrida (1.05), Senecio vernalis (1.04) and Ornithogalum narbonense (1.02). The most prevalent weed species according to frequency of occurrence were L. purpureum (66.68%), Papaver sp. (66.49%), S. vernalis (65.82%), Anthemis sp. (65.10%), A. sterilis (63.07%), R. arvensis (60.44%), Convolvulus arvensis (56.76%), Carduus pycnocephalus (55.79%), G. tricornutum (55.43%), Fumaria asepale (55.05%), Crepis alpina (54.08%), Thlaspi perfoliatum (51.95%) and S. arvensis (51.04%).