Determination of diagnosis and prevalence rates depending on morphological and biochemical characteristics of bacterial diseases in Central Kayapinar, Ergani and Bismil districts of Diyarbakir province in tomato production areas

This study is intended for determine the problematic bacterial disease factors and the prevalence rates in tomato growing in Diyarbakir province (in Kayapınar, Ergani, Bismil, Yenişehir and Çınar districts). For this purpose, a sampling was carried out covering 5 significant districts in terms of tomato cultivation, which were initially planned in the districts of Kayapınar, Ergani and Bismil and later included Yenişehir and Çınar districts during sampling. During the sampling, 32 specimens from 14 fields were taken by simptomatological observations and 20 bacterial isolates were obtained from these specimens. On the obtained isolates, biochemical tests including gram staining, catalase reaction test and potato pectolysis test were applied in addition to the morphological studies examining the cell and colony morphology. 13 of total 19 bacterial isolates diagnosed by simptomatological, morphological and biochemical studies were detected bacterial cancer and wilt disease factor Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. It was determined that this agent was the most serious bacterial threat for the tomato fields with a prevalence rate of % 40.62. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria which is factor of bacterial spot disease detected in Yenişehir and Ergani districts was determined to be the second most common bacterial factor due to the % 9.37 prevalence rate and 3 of the 19 bacterial isolates. Erwinia carotovora var. carovotora which is factor of bacterial stem and fruit rot and detected only in the Yenişehir district was seen to have a prevalence rate of % 6.25 with 2 diagnosed isolates. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato which is factor of bacterial speck disease was diagnosed to 1 isolate in Yenişehir district. The prevalence rate of this factor was determined as % 3.12. It was determined that Yenişehir district, where there are 4 bacterial agents identified as a result of the survey, is the district where bacterial contamination is the most. Bacterial disease was not detected in Bismil and Çınar districts. The findings of this study reveal that fighting of bacterial diseases is important and bacterial diseases are widespread in the tomato growing field in Diyarbakır province. Key Words: Tomato, Bacterial Diseases, Survey, Diagnosis, Diyarbakır