Determination of morphological and quality characteristics of oil and confectionary sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annus L.) in Diyarbakır irrigated conditions

The study was conducted at Dicle University's Faculty of Agriculture Field Crops Research and Application Area in Diyarbakır, Turkey. The objective was to determine the morphological and quality characteristics performance of some sunflower genotypes developed by Trakya Agricultural Research. The experiment was designed on augmented trial design with five replications. Four standard sunflower varieties (Ahmetbey, Metinbey, Es Bella, Es Romantic) and 70 genotypes were used. The results of the research demonstrated significant differences among sunflower genotypes and varieties for various characteristics, including plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length, head diameter, stem thickness, yield, days to flowering, flowering period, SPAD value, head period SPAD value, head period NDVI value, thousand seed weight, hectoliter weight, seed shell ratio, protein content, oil content, oil yield, moisture content, cellulose content, and ash content. Examined all parameters except for days to flowering, head period NDVI value, thousand seed weight, and protein content, was observed significant differences among genotypes and varieties. Among all sunflower genotypes examined, the Imi21044 oil type genotype exhibited the tallest height (202.30 cm). The Imi21020 oilseed type genotype exhibited the highest leaf number (33.64), Imi2102 oilseed type genotype exhibited the highest leaf width (33.04 cm), Imi21020 oilseed type genotype exhibited the highest leaf length (33.52 cm), Imi2101 oilseed type genotype exhibited the highest head diameter (27.17 cm), Ahmet Bey snack type exhibited the greatest stem thickness (28.64 mm), Imi21010 oilseed type displayed the highest flowering period SPAD value (44.74), Or21063 oil type exhibited the greatest head period SPAD value (45.00), Or21069 oilseed type variety exhibited the highest grain yield (822.53 g), Or21042 oilseed type variety demonstrated the highest hectolitre weight (457 kg/hl), Or21060 and Or21055 oilseed type genotypes exhibited the highest kernel kernel weight (80.75%), Imi21045 oilseed type genotype exhibited the highest moisture content (4.93%), Or21055 oilseed type genotype exhibited the highest cellulose content (15.43%), Or21055 oilseed type genotype exhibited the highest oil content (50.80%) and P64 LL 62 oilseed type variety exhibited the highest ash content (6.19%).