Selection of suitable heliport areas using geographic information systems and multi-criteria methods for rotary-wing platforms

The history of helicopters dates back to humanity's dream of flight, but the development of practical and reliable helicopters became possible only in the mid-20th century. The first successful helicopter flight was carried out by Igor Sikorsky in 1939, and this design laid the foundation for modern helicopters. Helicopters are rotary-wing aircraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing. Unlike fixed-wing airplanes, they can hover in place and move forward, backward, and laterally thanks to their rotor systems. These features make helicopters unique, especially as they provide the capability to operate in hard-to-reach and confined areas. For this reason, helicopters have found widespread use in both military and civilian sectors. However, this operational flexibility comes with certain limitations. Compared to fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters have more complex mechanical systems, making them more sensitive to adverse weather conditions. Rain, snow, and icing can endanger flight safety. Helicopters are also more vulnerable to sudden mechanical failures when flying at low altitudes and in challenging terrain conditions. The safe and effective execution of helicopter operations is directly related to the selection of suitable landing and takeoff areas. Suitable landing areas are of vital importance, particularly in emergencies; proximity to emergency services such as hospitals, fire departments, and police stations allows for rapid response. Wide and unobstructed areas with flat and solid ground are essential for safe takeoffs and landings. The design and location of landing zones are critical for both operational success and safety. This study aims to contribute to the safe, efficient, and effective execution of helicopter operations, particularly in emergency situations. For this purpose, criteria have been selected in accordance with legal regulations, and efforts have been made to identify suitable heliport locations within the study area. During the study, results were obtained using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The availability of suitable landing zones and their selection are considered to be crucial factors in the success of helicopter operations.