Investigation of the effects of iron-based metallic-magnetic nanoparticles in Drosophila melanogaster

Magnetic NPs (MNP), a new class of nanoparticles (NPs), are widely used today in many fields including drug delivery systems, medical diagnosis and therapy, cell separation, biosensors, magnetic resonance imaging, cancer and hyperthermia treatments. In particular, the fact that MNPs have direct use on humans creates a great concern due to the lack of information about the potential toxicities of these NPs on humans and therefore on the environment. For this reason, it is very important to make toxicological evaluations of MNPs and to reassessment the use of MNPs according to these evaluations. In this study, genotoxic potentials of 4 different metallic-MNPs (Fe3O4 NP, CoFe2O4 NP, MnFe2O4 NP and NiFe2O4 NP) on Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis test (KOMET) in Drosophila hemocytes were investigated. When the data obtained from the SMART method carried out within the scope of the study are evaluated, It was determined that genotoxicity was induced statistically significantly at the highest concentration of NiFe2O4 NP and at 3 and 10 mM concentrations of CoFe2O4 NP according to the total clone number parameter. No statistically significant difference was found in the Fe3O4 NP and MnFe2O4 NP applications. When the data obtained from the KOMET method are evaluated in terms of 3 parameters; In terms of tail length parameter, there was a statistically significant difference between Fe3O4 NP, CoFe2O4 NP, NiFe2O4 NPs in all studied concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 10 mM) and the highest 3 concentrations of MnFe2O4 NPs (3, 5 and 10 mM). It was determined that DNA damage was induced. In terms of tail density parameter, it was determined that a statistically significant DNA damage was induced at the highest concentrations (10 mM) of Fe3O4 NP and NiFe2O4 NPs. In terms of tail moment, which is the last parameter, it has been shown that the 2 highest concentrations of Fe3O4 NP and MnFe2O4 NPs (5 and 10 mM), while the concentrations of 3, 5 and 10 mM of NiFe2O4 NPs cause statistically significant DNA damage. CoFe2O4 NPs, on the other hand, did not cause statistically significant DNA damage in terms of tail moment parameter.