Identification of some agro-morphological and quality characteristics and determination of allelic variations of gene regions related to those characteristics in Turkish cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The aim of this study was to characterize the 124 bread wheat varieties, which are registered at different times in Turkey, both agro-morphologically and molecularly. For this purpose, bread wheat varieties were grown in five environment and agro-morphological characteristics of them were studied. Similarly, DNA analysis was performed in 124 bread wheat varieties using 92 functional DNA markers. Functional DNA markers were used for genes in 73 loci related to adaptation, quality, biotic and abiotic factors and agro-morphological characteristics. According to the marker analyses of the bread wheat varieties grown in Turkey from 1930s to the present day, the positive changes in the allelic form of some important gene regions were determined in the frequency of alleles for example related to plant height, contributing to grain weight, providing earliness related to days to heading. As a result of this study, a photograph of wheat breeding in our country between the years 1931-2017 both in agro-morphological and molecular level was taken. From the results of the study, it was concluded that, at present at which global climate change has been determined as a threat and at the future, the breeding programs should be re-planned according to short, medium and long term in accordance with the purpose.