Measurement and evaluation of magnetic field distribution in electric vehicle

This study examined the spatial characteristics of in-vehicle electromagnetic exposure levels between electric vehicles (BEV), hybrid vehicles (HEV), and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICE). Experimental measurements conducted in the vehicles were designed to include scenarios where the engine was stationary (idling), acceleration (deceleration), and braking, driving at constant speeds of 20, 40, and 60 km/h, and situations where the regenerative braking system was active. In this context, all of the aforementioned driving scenarios were included in the study design. The primary motivation for the research was to fill a gap in the literature regarding the potential effects of electromagnetic fields generated by electrical systems (batteries, inverters, cables, wireless charging, regenerative braking, etc.) on passenger exposure. The working method and methodological approach can be summarized as follows: The vehicle models examined include the TOGG TX10, Kia EV3, MG 4 Luxury, Seres 3, and various hybrid and gasoline-powered models such as the Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid, Qashqai e-Power, and Hyundai Accent. Reference points inside the vehicle include critical areas such as the driver and passenger areas, high-current battery cables, and the vicinity of the motor/inverter units. For field profiling, measurement points were established around these reference points and at different heights, and the magnetic field distribution around these points was recorded in detail for each scenario. Measurements were performed using the MESTEK EMF02R electromagnetic radiation detector. The measurement protocol determined near/far field effects. Repeated measurements mapped the electromagnetic exposure levels inside the vehicle separately for each vehicle. Analyses have revealed that the magnetic field distribution depends on the type of source, wiring configuration, and device placement; distance-dependent attenuation and near-field effects are decisive in terms of electromagnetic exposure levels. Furthermore, fluctuations during electric/gasoline mode transitions in hybrid vehicles and systematic increases during charging were examined to demonstrate the impact of different operating scenarios on the exposure profile. Detailed analyses of the measurement data were performed using mapping and modeling techniques. The results obtained from the thesis study will contribute to future broader studies, long-term exposure analyses, and epidemiological assessments of biological effects.