Distribution of types and subtypes of the Mediterranean bioclimatic zones according to emberger bioclimatic classification in Turkey

This study aims to determine the temporal and spatial range of the Mediterranean bioclimate zones and sub-types in Turkey according to the Emberger bioclimatic classification. Concerning Emberger's bioclimatic classification, which considers pluviothermic coefficients for this purpose, total annual precipitation and annual minimum, average, and maximum temperature data from 217 meteorological stations located in Turkey from 1929 to 2018 have been provided by the General Directorate of Meteorology. After performing the basic statistical analysis of the data, analyses have been performed on summer drought and seasonal precipitation to investigate the data set's suitability to Mediterranean bioclimate conditions. Mediterranean bioclimate zones have been determined first by using the values for P (annual total rainfall amount in mm), M (average maximum temperature of the hottest month in C°), and m (average minimum temperature of the coldest month in C°). Secondly, which Mediterranean bioclimate zone the stations belong to have been identified for the value of the minimum average temperature (m) of the coldest month. According to the findings obtained by calculating Q values, the Mediterranean bioclimate zones in Turkey have been separated into four types for the precipitation coefficient (Q): (a) Arid Mediterranean, (b) Semi-Arid Mediterranean, (c) the Sub-Humid Mediterranean, and (d) Humid Mediterranean climate zones. The sub-types show the distribution as frigid winters, extremely cold winters, very cold winters, cold winters, cool winters, temperate winters, mild winters, hot winters, and very hot winters. The database information obtained as a result of all these data and equations have been mapped using the Kriging Interpolation method with using ArcGIS 10.5.