The effect of emesis gravidarum on the 50 G oral glucose tolerance test screening and gestational diabetes mellitus

Introduction and Objective: In this study, a review of Emezis Gravidarum's (EG) 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was made and its impacts on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was evaluated. In addition, the impact of being diagnosed with EG on maternal demographic, clinic and neonatal birth weight among pregnant groups is aimed to be assessed in the study. Materials and Method: This retrospective case-control study was conducted on cases who were given birth between 2015 and 2017 at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University. A total of 424 cases were included in the study. File records, demographic information, 50 and 100 g OGTT results and pregnancy stories of the patients have been obtained, reviewed and recorded from the hospital's patient database. Depending on whether the data showed normal distribution, independent samples T-Test or Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare the groups. Chi- Square Test was used to compare the categorical data. P < 0,05 significance level was taken for all tests. Findings: when the cases that were and were not diagnosed with EG are compared, it was found that the mean scores for age, antenatal weight and neonatal birth weight were significantly lower in the cases diagnosed with EG (P< 0,05). On the other hand, while 44.4% (4/9) of the cases whose OGTT results are positive and who are diagnosed with EG were diagnosed with GDM, 13.5% (7/52) of those who are not diagnosed with EG was diagnosed with GDM. This difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0,05). Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that maternal age, antenatal weight and neonatal birth weight was significantly lower in pregnants with EG diagnosis in comparison to the control cases. On the other hand, no significant difference was found between the pregnants with EG diagnosis and the control cases in terms of the results of 50 g OGTT. Furthermore, while 44.4% of the cases whose OGTT results are positive and who are diagnosed with Emezis Gravidarum were diagnosed with GDM, 13.5% of those who are not diagnosed with Emezis Gravidarum was diagnosed with GDM. In conclusion the rate of GDM diagnosis among those who are diagnosed with Emezis Gravidarum was significantly higher in comparison to those who are not diagnosed with Emezis Gravidarum (P = 0,05). Although this study was planned as a retrospective study and applied merely in a single unit, it shows that EG might be a risk factor for GDM. A prospective study to be conducted on this subject matter may clearly elicit the impacts of EG on GDM. Keywords: Emezis Gravidarum, Pregnancy, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Glucose Tolerance Test