Endüstri 4.0 çerçevesinde patentlerin OECD ülkelerinin ekonomik büyümesine etkisi

This thesis aims to measure the impact of the types of patents granted by the IP5 family (artificial intelligence technology patents, nanotechnology patents, information and communication technology patents, environmental patents, pharmaceutical industry patents, biotechnology patents) and the sum of these patent types on the economic growth of 37 OECD countries. This study used a panel data set covering 1995-2017 for 37 OECD countries obtained from the OECD and World Bank databases. Fourteen models were obtained from these data and analyzed using the Fixed Effect method. The independent variables in the models are artificial intelligence technology patents, nanotechnology patents, information and communication technology patents, environmental patents, pharmaceutical industry patents, biotechnology patents, and total patents as the sum of all these patents. In contrast, the dependent variable is real GDP per capita, and the control variables are gross capital formation and employment to population ratio. In addition, the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), another panel data analysis method, was also used for the 14 models above, and the results were compared with those of the Fixed Effect method. As a result of the econometric analysis using the Fixed Effect method, it is concluded that before 2008, all patent types except biotechnology patents have a positive and significant relationship with real GDP per capita, while after 2008, nanotechnology patents have a negative and significant relationship with real GDP per capita, while environmental patents and total patents have a positive and significant relationship. As expected at the beginning of the study, it is concluded that an increase in total patents within the scope of Industry 4.0 will lead to economic growth. This thesis makes an important contribution to the literature on measuring economic growth with patents within the scope of Industry 4.0. Analyzing the relationship between patents granted, especially in technology-intensive sectors, and the growth rate is a guiding feature for policymakers to adopt supportive policies for investment in R&D activities. Keywords: Economic Growth, Industry 4.0, Innovation, Patent, Technology