Retrospective analysis of the relationship between vitamin D levels and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in adult patients

Background and Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency has effects on inflammation, and its early diagnosis is important. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and parameters such as platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, and HALP score, thereby addressing the gaps in the national and international literature. This retrospective study included individuals who presented to the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital for routine check-ups between June 1, 2024, and June 1, 2025. Materials and Methods: In our retrospective study, vitamin D levels were compared with age, gender, PLR, NLR, MHR, FIB-4 score, HALP score, and laboratory parameters of the participants. Results: The median vitamin D level was 20.85 (minimum 5.3, maximum 114.5). The median HALP score was 5,907 (minimum 1,579, maximum 23,716). When comparing vitamin D groups with HALP scores: severe deficiency was 4.568 (1.579–12.681), deficiency was 5.932 (1.679–23.716), insufficiency was 6.742 (1.629–17.528), and normal was 5.518 (2.203–13.291). This difference was statistically significant (p=0.026). When comparing vitamin D groups with FIB-4 scores: severe deficiency was 0.515 (0.197–1.558), deficiency was 0.787 (0.232–2.099), insufficiency was 1.085 (0.244–2.939), and normal was 0.78 (0.226–2.683). This was statistically significant (p=0.004). Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between vitamin D and HALP score (r=0.145, p=0.036), as well as between vitamin D and FIB-4 score (r=0.219, p=0.001). A significant relationship was also observed between vitamin D and age (r=0.168, p=0.014). In addition, vitamin D showed significant correlations with urea, creatinine, albumin, GGT, ALT, AST, sodium, LDL cholesterol, LDH, folate, and hemoglobin. A negative correlation was found between vitamin D and GFR, and between vitamin D and platelets. In subjects with normal fasting glucose 0.747 (0.197–2.939) and impaired fasting glucose 0.994 (0.232–2.152), a significant relationship with FIB-4 score was detected (p=0.012). Conclusion: We found a statistically significant relationship between vitamin D levels and both HALP score and FIB-4 score. Vitamin D deficiency has negative effects on calcium metabolism and the immune system; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency is important. Considering the relationship between inflammatory parameters and vitamin D, a correlation with HALP score is expected, since HALP score parameters showed positive correlation with vitamin D levels. Vitamin D may have potential benefits in the regulation of immune and inflammatory states, but further clinical studies are needed to confirm these effects.