The formation process of early period Mu'tazila thought (H. 80-144)

Mu'tezila emerged in the early period of the history of Islamic thought as a different approach to the areas of conflict between Muslims, the libertarian discourse in religious understanding of the Islamic belief system. Mu'tezila also has a great importance in understanding and interpreting the Religion and its roles in the development of Islamic thought. For this reason, with this study, it is aimed to examine the religious, political, social, cultural etc. Reasons that are effective in the emergence of Mu'tezila as a denomination and to clarify the formation of its five principles. For this purpose, the emergence of Mu'tezila and the formation of five principles, Vâsıl b. Ata and Amr b. It was studied with the Ubeyd period. In our study, it is required the easons that affect the occurrence of Mu'tezila vary to use an analytical method; Due to the fact that the first two imams of the Mu'tezila were not able to works to reach today, In addition to the sources written in Mu'tezilî in the next period, it also required to our apply to Ahli Sunnah and Shia sources, and comparative research method. In the study, it has been determined that there are more than one influences which are political, social, cultural and religious affecting the emergence of Mu'tezila and its formation. It has been identified created by Vâsıl b. Atâ to found imam of Mu'tezila, "five principles", in which constituted the framework of Mu'tezila'basic thoughts and which these effects emerged as a presenter of these effects. It was stated that each of the five principles emerged in response to a different segment and emphasized the main religious constants. Maintaining the pure faith of religion on the basis of "Tawhid", keeping the principle of "justice" and the free and responsible individual, keeping the balance of "crime and punishment" with the principle of deterrence of religion, keeping the principle of religion "based on neither criminal nor innocent" and "orders and prohibitions" It was concluded that the aim of preventing skidding was established by establishing a balance and supervision system. With this basic understanding, it has been demonstrated that Mutezil formed an important social opposition during the formation period and found a wide spreading area.