Changes in mosque architecture from early Islamic architecture to the present: a mapping study for form, function and decoration approaches

The evolution of mosque architecture from early Islamic times to the present day has been marked by significant changes in form, material, technology, and decorative approaches. This paper provides a comprehensive mapping of the changes in mosque architecture, with a particular focus on the evolution of mosque architecture from early Islamic times to the present day. the differences between modern and traditional mosques with a focus on materials and shape. While traditional mosques commonly use natural materials for both structural and aesthetic purposes, modern mosques have shifted towards using modern materials to achieve unique roof shapes and aesthetic effects. Additionally, the aesthetics of modern mosques have undergone significant changes, with a greater emphasis placed on the overall effect of the mosque. The roof shape has played a major role in modern mosque architecture, with inspiration drawn from the environment, such as the shape of flowers. The comparison between modern and traditional mosques sheds light on the evolution of mosque architecture and highlights the importance of both preserving tradition and embracing innovation in the design of these sacred spaces. One of the most important changes in mosque architecture has been the use of new materials and technology. For example, the introduction of reinforced concrete has enabled architects to design and construct more complex and daring structures. Similarly, the use of new roof systems such as Shells and Post Tension has allowed innovative designs that would have been impossible with traditional roof systems. The changing began in Asia, modern mosques have incorporated unique elements and design features. The Lala Tupan Mosque in Russia is a prime example of modern Islamic architecture with its use of sharp lines in roof and geometric shapes. The Negeri Sembilan mosque in Malaysia features a stunning rose shape roof that blends seamlessly into the surrounding landscape. The Nil Mosque in Sudan with modern materials and technology to create a stunning contemporary structure. These modern mosques demonstrate how Islamic architecture continues to evolve and adapt to the needs and contexts of diverse communities around the world.. In the 20th century, significant changes in mosque architecture occurred in South and Middle Asia, with the introduction of new materials and construction techniques. In the 21st century, mosque architecture has continued to evolve, with Istanbul emerging as a hub of mosque architecture. The mosques built in Istanbul in recent years have been characterized by a blend of traditional and modern design elements, incorporating the latest technology and materials. Overall, this paper demonstrates that mosque architecture has undergone significant changes regarding to over the centuries, with a constant evolution of form, material, technology, and decorative approaches. While the basic function of the mosque has remained relatively unchanged, the use of new materials and construction techniques.