Muftîzâde Mehmed Sadik Efendi's Hüseyniyye commentary and its place in the history of logic

Although the theory of knowledge in the classical period generally accepted demonstration as scientific knowledge, demonstration generally refers to certain knowledge. Certain knowledge, on the other hand, is valid only in the basic principles of sciences and is not common and useful in science. This is because demonstration is valid for the existence of a thing and its basic properties. For this reason, in the sciences, generally valid (famous) knowledge, which was expressed as jadal in the classical period, is used. Both for this reason and to be used in discussions between sects, jadal began to be handled independently and adapted to religious sciences (usul al-fiqh and kalam) after Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī in the classical period. Samarqandī, on the other hand, shaped these developments a bit more and wrote a detached text entitled Ādāb al-bahs wa'l-munāzara, that is, scientific research and discussion methods; later on, commentaries and glosses were written on this text. One of these commentaries is the one written by Shah Husayn, known as Shah Husayn of Adana or Antakyalı in some texts, which became famous as Husayniyya. Many glosses were written on this commentary. In our thesis, the gloss of Mehmed Sadiq Efendi, a scholar from Erzincan and famous as Müftüzâde, on this text is discussed. The main topics and concepts of the text will be discussed in comparison with the works of al-Fārābī, Avicenna and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. This tradition is important in that it deals with logic as a method long before Descartes. Keywords: Erzincânî, Müftüzâde, Jadel, Adab, Bahs, Münâzâra.