The voice of verb in Old Anatolian Turkish

Verbs describing an action, occurrence, state are the main elements of a sentence as managing the system. Verbs are considered as an important concept to be studied in various aspects by researchers because of the facts of being key elements and leading change in meaning through morpheme formations. Verb voice is one of the most controversial issues in literature due to the differences in both naming and the methods of establishment and evaluation. In this study, verb voices are examined based on the ten works, namely Behcetüǿl-Hadâik Fî MevǾizatiǿl-Halâik, Kıssa-i Yūsuf, Kitâb-ı Güzîde ve Kitâb-ı Ata-Dede, described as "Mixed-Langugage Works", and Garib-nâme, Süheyl ü Nev-bahār, Sultan Veled'in Türkçe Manzumeleri, Marzubān-nāme Tercümesi, Müntahab-ı Şifâ and Dede Korkut, considered as to reflect the language features of the period in the best way. The voice can be made with morphological, syntactic and lexical methods. The most suitable preferred and accepted method for Turkish is morphological one that is made via suffixes. From this point of view, verbs with voice suffixes have been determined from the mentioned works and it is tried to determine the verbal vocabulary of the period by being given the verbs with voice within separate entries. Idioms and combined verbs are not included in the study. This study has seven sections, namely, Introduction, Old Anatolian Turkish and its historical development, Causative Voice, Factitive Voice, Passive Voice, Reflexive Voice, and Reciprocal Voice. In the introduction section, the general information about valency, voice concept, arguments about the subject and in the second section, Old Anatolian Turkish period and the works included in that study are clarified. In the following sections, information and arguments about the verb voices are given. Also, how meanings change in sentences by the verbs with voices suffixes in the examined works is elaborated and those verbs are classified and exemplified. Meanwhile, verbs getting certain voices with suffixes are analysed in terms of their valency in order to determine whether the valency is related to the voice or not. It is concluded that valency of the same verb with different voice suffixes may be different and a verb does not have a certain valency. Furthermore, it is found out that the valency of verbs with causative factitive and reciprocal voice cause the element increase in the sentence; new items are not added in passive and reflexive voice and the increase in demand is determined not randomly but in accordance with the subjects' wants. When causative and factitive voices, annexes of which are the same, are taken into consideration, it is found out that the verb voice should be evaluated not only by shape but also by meaning and function. Lastly, it is emphasized the examination of the obtained data have shed light on that the voice suffixes should be examined under a separate heading instead of being included in the construction of the annexes.