Evaluation of different plant wastes in Lentinula edodes cultivation and effects of these wastes on volatile aroma profile and enzyme activity

In this study, it was aimed to investigate cultivation of Lentinula edodes mushroom species by using different plant wastes (oak sawdust, poplar sawdust, wheat stalk, peanut shell, corn cob and vine pruning waste) and to determine the most suitable growing mixture. For this purpose, 12 growing mixtures were prepared: K (oak sawdust), A1 (3 oak sawdust + 1 bran), A2 (3 poplar sawdust + 1 bran), A3 (3 wheat stalk + 1 bran), A4 (1 oak sawdust + 1 poplar sawdust + 1 bran), A5 (1 oak sawdust + 1 wheat stalk + 1 bran), A6 (3 peanut shell + 1 bran), A7 (3 corn cob + 1 bran), A8 (3 vine pruning waste + 1 bran), A9 (1 oak sawdust + 1 peanut shell + 1 bran), A10 (1 oak sawdust + 1 corn cob + 1 bran) and A11 (1 oak sawdust + 1 vine pruning waste + 1 bran). 5% soy flour was added to growing mixtures. Within the scope of the experiment, besides measurement of yield and quality parameters of mushrooms together with the characteristics of plant wastes, volatile aroma profile of different growing mixtures and the enzyme activities (laccase and cellulase) of mixtures at different periods were determined. Based on results of the study, the highest and lowest amount of nitrogen were obtained from at after harvest (1.71%) and after sterilization (1.34%) periods, respectively. While the highest amount of carbon was at the after sterilization period (46.65%), the lowest amount was recorded at the after harvest (45.64%) period. The fastest and slowest mycelia development time were observed in A7 (21.67 days) and A4 (50 days) mixtures, respectively. While the highest yield was determined in A5 (299.59/kg) mixture, A9 (55.99 g/kg), A6 (65.59 g/kg) and A11 (75.47g /kg) gave the lowest results. While the highest biological activity rate was recorded in A3 (93.65%) and A5 (92.90%), the lowest was observed in A11 (21.45%), A6 (19.85%) and A9 (19.22%) mixtures. The highest and lowest protein amount were determined in the A5-A7 and A10-A9-K mixtures, respectively. In aroma analyzes, eight-carbon compounds were detected in higher quantities in wood sawdust-containing mixtures than those containing plant wastes. For the sulfur-containing compounds, the opposite happened. The highest cellulase and laccase activities were found in A3 (3.16 IU/g) and A7 (2164.48 U/g), respectively. Keywords: Shiitake, Lentinula edodes, culture, plant wastes, volatile aroma