Comparison of morphological and phylogenetic relationships of perch (perca fluviatilis L. 1758) caught in different lakes

In this study, morphological, physiological, and genetic characteristics of freshwater perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations obtained from various lakes and reservoirs across different regions of Türkiye were comparatively evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of environmental conditions and alternative production methodologies on the aquaculture potential of the species were examined. Morphometric measurements were conducted on individuals sampled from ten different locations, and growth parameters and condition factors were calculated. At the molecular level, genetic diversity was analyzed using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers, and genetic differences among populations were assessed through dendrogram and PCA analyses. In addition, oxidative stress indicators (SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, MDA) were measured in individuals from selected locations to evaluate the biochemical effects of environmental conditions. The findings revealed significant morphological variations among P. fluviatilis populations, which were shaped by environmental factors such as habitat conditions, feeding regimes, and water quality. Genetic analyses demonstrated that geographic isolation significantly influences genetic diversity, while physiological results showed that environmental stress modulates the antioxidant defense systems in the fish. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of considering population-specific differences in the cultivation of P. fluviatilis. Selecting broodstock with local adaptive capacity may enhance production efficiency and sustainability in freshwater perch aquaculture practices.