Analysis of Fajr and Mujâdila surahs

In this thesis, our primary objective was to understand the social-political structure, economic situation, and religious-moral framework of the community addressed by the Quran. We focused on the Pre-Islamic Era and aimed to grasp the Makkah-Madinah situation and the gradual changes over 23 years, evaluating the Surahs Al-Fajr and Al-Mujadila with classical and contemporary commentaries to establish coherence through narration and insight regarding the period. The Quran, which began gradually in 610 AD, serves as a discourse aimed at addressing the social and human issues of the community it speaks to. In Surah Fajr, it assesses the religious practices of the polytheists, drawing from their customary rituals of day and night, while also reflecting on the fate of past corrupted nations, emphasizing that even if they were powerful, they faced consequences. The aim is to illustrate the mature Muslim character based on the traits observed in the polytheists. Surah Al-Mujadila delves into various topics including the value of women, the situation of hypocrites, etiquettes of gatherings, the faction of Satan, and the Hizbullah mentioned in Surah Fajr, who are described as the servants of Allah with whom Allah is pleased and they are pleased with Him. This discussion revolves around societal order and the character traits of mature Muslims. Understanding the wisdom embedded in divine discourse is crucial for comprehending the Quran, necessitating that commentators grasp the community, time, place, etc. , to comprehend the context and meaning of the message. Thus, it is vital to chronologically examine the commentary on Surahs Al-Fajr and Al-Mujadila in terms of narration and insight, in order to maintain the coherence of the Quran's meaning and ensure the framework remains intact, as Ibn Taymiyyah emphasized. Keywords: Fajr, Mujâdile, Mecca, Medinan, Analysis.