The institution of ombudsman in federal states and the local ombudsmans

In the dynamics of providing quality public services based on transparency and respect for human rights, public administrations are subject to different types of control of their services including among others: administrative control, political control, judicial control, public control, international control and the Ombudsman. The institution of Ombudsman after his appearance in the Scandinavian countries precisely in Sweden has gained ground in countries with democratic vocation since the 18 century. This institution is playing the role of arbitrator but also mediator in disputes between the administration and the citizens has become an essential tool in the defense of human rights. It should be noted that the Ombudsman is set up to fill the gaps that other types of controls did not cover; thus it serves as a bridge between the administration and the citizens. With its adoption in several countries around the world, it is often established under the legislative act of the states. In this thesis, the ombudsman institution will be discussed in the federal states and in the local administrations of these same states. In the first and second chapters, a general study of the institution will be explained. From the third to the seventh chapter, the ombudsman institution will be analyzed in one federal state for each continent as an example; In the eighth and final chapter, a comparative study will be led between these states which are the subject of this study.