A methodological classification on the compilation of contemporary etude and techniques in flute education: Notation and performance relationship

New composing materials that emerged along with the contemporary music of the 20th and 21st centuries have also brought about extraordinary interpretation of instrument sounds. New playing techniques employed by leading composers have contributed to the continuously developing new music. The innovative search of the composers who led 20th century music developed atonal and polytonal music and these two tendencies brought along many movements. The 12-tone system of composing developed by Arnold Schönberg can be listed among these movements (Pamir, 1998:325). Schonberg, who helped the emergence of a new musical language called Serialism, was followed by Alban Berg and Anton Webern for further development of this language (Pamir, 1998:360-367). Composers have written a great many works thanks to the continuous development of contemporary music by the leading composers of the time and the modern flute mechanism that was completed by Theobald Böhm in 1847 (Artaud ve Dale, 1993:134). Composers like Richard Strauss (1894-1949), Pyotr IIyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893), Luigi Russolo (1885-1947), Claude Debussy (1862-1918), Edgard Varesé (1883-1965) and Luciano Berio (1925-2003) introduced the first examples of contemporary techniques with the developed flute mechanism and became the pioneers of the new understanding of rhetoric. In the search of a new sound and using the expressive richness and advanced mechanism of the flute, composers have made creative and methodological components for performers, other composers and educators. It can be seen that flute students meet pieces written for advanced flute techniques only at the undergraduate and graduate during their music education, which causes difficulties in familiarizing with and performing the music. Introducing these techniques to students at an earlier age and with the correct methodology will benefit both contemporary flute playing and the development of the music. The present study aims at an examination on the introduction of contemporary flute techniques to students through a proper and appropriate methodology in flute pedagogy. The study was designed with my observations from the one-to-one classes I held as of September 2018 with secondary school level students at Dokuz Eylul University State Conservatory. The book "The Simple Contemporary Method for Flute" (2005) by Annick Sarrien-Perrier was based on for the techniques and etudes used in the study; later, the students who became able to play these techniques were asked to write etudes in line with the composing techniques included in the book "Je Cherche" (2011) by Cecilia Royer-Cordona. Based on the data obtained from all these steps, a new compiling methodology was recommended.