The new bone formation and neovascularization effects of systematically applied grape seed extraction, mesenchymal stem cells and localized applied low level laser therapy after functional mandibular advancement on rat condyle

Functional treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions could lead to growth in the glenoid fossa and in the condyle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using localized applied low level laser therapy (LLLT) with systematically administrated grape-seed extraction (GSE) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on new bone formation and neovascularization of the condyle of the rats after mandibular advancement by using functional appliance. 45 rats weighting 250±50 gr, were divided randomly into 8 groups. Functional appliances were administrated to all groups (n=6) except the control group which is Group 1 (n=3). Group 2 was treated with only appliances; Group 3 with 300 mg/kg/day GSE; Group 4 with 8 J/cm2 LLLT once in a two days; Group 5 with LLLT and GSE; Group 6 with 1x106 MSCs and GSE, Group 7 with LLLT and MSCs; Group 8 with LLLT, MSCs and GSE. Analysis of new bone, vascular and osteoblast formation, osteonectin, VEGF, Type-II collagen, STRO-1 were done for the condyle after 4 weeks. All parameters were increased with appliance use, and the highest increase was achieved by the combined application of GSE, LLLT and MSCs to the appliance groups. It has been found that especially MSCs with LLLT and GSE applications provide new vascularity, cell proliferation, Type II collagen formation, osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation.