Galen's understanding of logic and the relationship between logic and medicine

In this study, Galen's understanding of logic and the relationship he established between logic and the art of medicine are examined. While dealing with the science of logic, Galen benefited from the logic traditions before him and evaluated them in an objective manner. Likewise, in the art of medicine, he dealt with the previous schools of medicine with a critical attitude. As a result of these evaluations and examinations, he concluded that the art of medicine can only be fully successful when it is built on logical foundations. In this respect, Galen considers the art of medicine as a body, and the science of logic as the nerves scattered throughout this body and keeping it alive. Therefore, in our study, Galen's works on the art of medicine are examined from this point of view. Considering Galen's handling of logic for practical purposes and his use of logic to give a rational dimension to the art of medicine, we have formed our study as an introduction, three parts, and a conclusion. In the introduction, the subject, purpose, importance, limits, method of the study and the primary and secondary sources referenced in the study are discussed. Especially in the method part, the issues encountered during the study and related to the content and form of the study are discussed. In the first chapter, firstly the background of the relationship between logic and art of medicine and then the differences that occurred with Galen are mentioned. After these differences are mentioned, Galen's understanding of knowledge and method is shed light on, and his criticisms of philosophers and physicians who use wrong methods in obtaining knowledge are included. In addition, since there are no tidy studies on Galen's works in Turkish, all his works, especially philosophy, logic, morality and medicine, are discussed together with their contents. In the second chapter, Aristotle and Stoic logic are mentioned in order to better understand Galen's understanding of logic, attention is drawn to the similar and different aspects of Galen's understanding of logic with these two logic traditions and Galen's contributions to the science of logic are emphasized. In addition, the problem of belonging to the fourth shape is tried to be clarified. In the third chapter, the relationship between logic and medical art, which was started to be considered as a whole with Galen, and Galen's method and way of benefiting from logic at the point of treatment are mentioned. Then, based on Galen's works on the art of medicine, examples of logic issues in these works are presented in a systematic way. In the conclusion part, the findings about Galen's understanding of logic and the relationship between logic and medicine are mentioned.