Development of composite films with bioactive and biodegradable properties for food industry

Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the most serious environmental health threats today. The adverse environmental impacts of traditional petroleum-based plastics necessitate the development of biodegradable plastics. Bioplastics are defined as materials derived from renewable resources that can be biologically degraded. In this research, biodegradable composite films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Gellan gum (GG) were developed. Black seed oil and sage extract were used to enhance the composite films' antimicrobial capacity. Black seed oil is notable for its strong antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, while sage extract is known for its effectiveness against various bacteria. The primary aim of this study is to produce environmentally friendly and antimicrobial composite films. The resulting composite films have potential applications, particularly in food packaging. For this purpose, composite film formulations were optimized, and various characterization tests were conducted. At the end of the study, the mechanical, thermal, and antimicrobial properties of the composite films were analyzed in detail. During the composite film production process, the appropriate ratios of PVA and GG were determined, and the effects of black seed oil and sage extract were evaluated. The biodegradability and antimicrobial efficacy of the composite films were tested under laboratory conditions. The results obtained provide important insights into expanding the potential application areas of composite films. Additionally, the sustainability benefits of bioplastics were highlighted. This study is expected to make significant contributions to the development and widespread use of bioplastics. Particularly in the food industry, the importance of biodegradable and antimicrobial packaging materials is increasing. In conclusion, it has been shown that composite films enriched with black seed oil and sage extract can be an alternative to traditional plastic packaging. The challenges encountered in the composite film development process and the methods used to overcome these challenges were also addressed.