Geniş yeraltı metro istasyonlarının inşasında yeni Avusturya tünel inşaat yönteminin uygulanabilirliğinin incelenmesi

Tunneling, as it was in the past, remains an essential construction activity today, serving purposes such as water supply, sewage, drainage, and transportation to meet humanity's basic needs. The increasing population and fundamental requirements, especially in the field of transportation, have necessitated tunnel construction within urban areas. During tunnel excavations, deformations occur within a specific influence area of the tunnel. These deformations can particularly damage structures around the tunnel, and in the event of tunnel collapse, they can even lead to settlement in buildings. To prevent these deformations, it has been emphasized that the geological, hydrological, geotechnical characteristics of the tunnel excavation area, as well as the carefully selected tunnel depth and diameter, need to be thoroughly examined. The anticipated levels of deformation before tunnel excavations were initially predicted using empirical methods proposed by various researchers. These values were then compared with site measurements and analyses conducted using the finite element method. While empirical methods and FE analysis results showed similar values, greater deformations were observed in site measurements. This was attributed to the precision displayed during site excavations. With the existing methods, the anticipated surface settlements were found to be beyond acceptable limits, prompting additional measures and improvements to mitigate these deformations within the scope of this thesis. The conducted work demonstrated that deformations decreased by approximately 36-43 percentage compared to the existing situation.