Effects of genotype, nutrient media and stress treatments on androgenesis in pepper

Anther culture is an important technique to obtain full homozygous lines in pepper breeding. Various factors such as genotype, nutrient media, pretreatments, incubation condition sand plant growth regulator sare effective on anther culture success of pepper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype, nutrient media and cold pretreatment on androgenic respons in pepper. Four pepper hybrid cultivars (İstek F₁-bellpepper, Balca F₁-long Demre type, Alkırmızı F₁-capia pepper type and Hızır F₁-Charliston pepper type) were used as donor plants. Antherculture was performed according to Dumas de Vaulx et al. (1981) (DDVX), Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) and Gamborg et al. (1968) (B5) supplemented with 0,03 mg.l-¹ vitamine B12, 0.8% (w/v) agarand 6% (w/v) sucrose. Flower buds were exposed to 4 and 10 ᴼC cold shock for 24 and 48 hours. Buds untreated with cold shock were used as control treatment. In the study, embryo formation, plantlet and haploid plant regeneration were evaluated. Androgenic respons changed according to genotypes. The highest embriyo, plantlet and haploid plant regenerated from İstek F1 genotype (401 embryos, 192 plantlet sand 84 haploid plants from 900 anthers). For all genotypes tested, DDVX and MS protocol spromoted more embryo and haploid plant than B5 protocol. Cold shock treatments had a greater effect than control on androgenic success. The highest embryo formation from 60 anthers was 57 for İstek F1 (DDVX, 10 ᴼC-24 h), 21 for Balca F1 (MS, 10 ᴼC-24 h), 28 for Alkırmızı F1 (DDVX, 4 ᴼC-48 h) and 14 for Hızır F1 (B5, 10 ᴼC-48 h). As a result, androgenic performance of genotypes changed according to nutrient madia and pretreatments. Cold shock treatment was evaluated as an important factor for antherculture in pepper.