Investigation of the presence of isthmin-1 in colostrum, interstitial milk and mature milk of mothers with gestational diabetes

Breast milk is a natural food that is easily digestible and contains all the fluid, energy and nutrients required for optimum growth and development in the newborn. This study investigated the concentrations of maternal serum Isthmin-1 (ISM1) and breast milk (colostrum, intermediate milk and mature milk) in pregnant women with GDM and the usability of ISM1 in GDM screening. The study included 30 healthy mothers between the ages of 19-50 who had given birth and 30 mothers who had normal healthy births. A total of 240 samples were collected from the patients and the normal healthy group and studied with the ELISA method. Statistical analyses were performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and JASP 0.19.3 version Computer software. Isthmin-1 measurements were made in the colostrum, foremilk, mature milk and blood of patients with gestational diabetes and normal non-gestational mothers and the milk and blood values of patients with GDM and non-GDM were compared. In colostrum, a more significant difference was observed in patients with GDM (X=446.93) compared to patients without GDM (X=206.45) (U[58]=875.5; p<0.001). Intermediate milk, a more significant difference was observed in patients with GDM (X=287.94) compared to patients without GDM (X=154.53) (U[58]=823; p<0.001). In mature milk, a more significant difference was observed in patients with GDM (X=246.00) compared to patients without GDM (X=160.33) (U[58]=686; p<0.001). In the blood serum, a very high level of significant difference was observed in patients with GDM (X=1483.43) compared to patients without GDM (X=494.70) (U[58]=900; p<0.001). As a result; ISM1 levels in colostrum, intermediate milk, mature milk and blood serum of mothers with GDM were determined to be significantly higher than in breast milk and blood serum of mothers without GDM. ISM1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of GDM or may serve as a biomarker for early detection.