Blockchain technology solutions and usecases for global sustainability goals

This research is a study on the ability of blockchain technology, one of today's revolutionary information and communication technologies, to mediate the goals of organisations towards global sustainable development goals. The social, environmental and governance aspects of sustainability, which have become more and more important today, are being addressed in a concrete way by governments, organisations and for-profit commercial institutions. Especially in recent years, legislators have been carrying out various studies to achieve global sustainability goals much faster and to provide a meaningful path by using fund providers such as banks and investment companies that have the power to direct the markets. The EU taxonomy is one of the pioneers in this regard and the climate law established by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation in Turkey; Turkey Green Taxonomy is an example of this. At this point, blockchain technology, which stands out with its reliability, transparency, decentralisation and traceability features in the stages of achieving sustainability goals, is becoming a tool, and applications in this field are increasing worldwide. It is accepted that blockchain is very important as the technology of today and the future, which increases efficiency and reduces costs compared to classical processes by harmonising with many technologies, especially artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), which extends far beyond the crypto economy. In this study, the working logic of blockchain technology and the areas in which it is generally used are mentioned, followed by examples of projects where blockchain technology is used in important topics such as carbon emission trading, green economy, ReFi (Reparative Finance) and circular economy to achieve sustainability goals. In addition, finally, the survey study and the results of the survey measuring the awareness of companies in Turkey on these issues are included. In this sense, it is suggested that many public and private sectors should create an urgent action plan to solve the insufficiency of this information and technological infrastructure in Turkey.