The effect of salicylic acid application on the yield and alkaloid content of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in different development periods

Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) has a strategic importance for Turkey and is an important plant that benefits from its seeds, oil and capsules. Seed yield and morphine content in poppy vary depending on environmental factors, variety and agronomic practices. This research was carried out with 3 replications in random blocks trial design in 2019-20 vegetation period in Isparta conditions in order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid application on yield and morphine ratio in different growth periods of poppy. In the study, 100 ppm salicylic acid was applied during rosette, stem elongation, budding, rosette + stem elongation, rosette + stem elongation + budding, stem elongation + budding periods in TMO2 poppy variety. While the differences between plant height and capsule number at salicylic acid applications in different development stages of poppy were not statistically significant, capsule width, capsule length and oil ratio were higher rosette leaf + stem elongation period, capsule yield, 1000 grain weight and seed yield in budding period. In terms of alkaloid content, morphine, codeine, oripavine, thebaine and noscapine were found to be higher in rosette and papaverine in rosette + stem elongation + budding. In the research, plant height 118.0-122.7 cm, capsule width 42.9-45.8 mm, capsule length 38.2-41.0 mm, capsule number 4.2-6.0 pieces/plant, 1000 grain weight 0.37-0.44 g, capsule yield 90.57-118.0 kg da-1, seed yield 117.0-144.7 kg da-1, oil rate 38.20-40.51%, morphine 0.50-0.535%, codeine 0.53-0.75%, thebaine 0.006%-0.025%, noscapine 0.059-0.109%, oripavine 0.003-0.01% and papaverine 0.004-0.007% were between varied.