Biosynthesis of the genes affecting anthocyanin and mapping P1 and Y2 genes assigning purple and yellow colors in carrot

In the present study, the locations of the P1 gene, responsible from purple color in carrotroots, Y2 gene, responsible from the yellow color in root xylem, and the genes in the anthocyaninbiosynthesis pathway in carrot genetic map were determined by using AFLP, SSR, SNP, andSCAR molecular marker techniques. In the study, the 72 F2 individuals obtained from the crossbetween carrot breeding lines `PI173687 x B493? and `PI173687 x B10138? were used. Theobtained map covered 9 linkage groups of carrot with LOD= 4.00 and maximum recombinationvalue of ?=0.25. The linkage groups were composed of total 312 markers; 0.6%, 82.7%, 13.5%,2.6%, and 0.6% of which were phenotypic loci, AFLP, SSR, SNP, and SCAR markers,respectively. It was determined that total map length was 2389 cM and the distance between themarkers was 7.6 cM. The AFLP marker, aagcag9, was tightly linked to Y2 locus. The structuralanthocyanin genes F3H and FLS1 and the AFLP marker, aagcag11, were linked to P1 locus in6.9, 7.4, and 9.5 cM distances, respectively. The four structural anthocyanin biosynthesis geneswere dispersed into three of the linkage groups. It might be possible to reach these genes by usingdetermined markers which are close to both phenotypic traits. Moreover, in four different rootgrowth stages in Eregli (purple), 7262 (Purple/Orange), and 0493 (Orange) carrot genotypes, theexpression designs of the six structural genes (PAL3, CHS1, F3H, DFR1, LDOX2, and UFGT)employed in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were determined by using Real Time RT-qPCRtechnique. While the genes, CHS1, F3H, DFR1, and LDOX2, were not expressed in all fourgrowth stages in the orange (0493) genotype, these genes were expressed in the purple/orangegenotype (7262) as soon as anthocyanin began to be accumulated. In the orange genotype, theexpression of UFGT gen highly fluctuated in all growth stages. It was determined that the UFGTgene was not a key component of anthocyanin biosynthesis in carrot, but the genes, CHS1, F3H,DFR1, and LDOX2 had effective roles in the anthocyanin bioysnthesis in carrot. Moreover, it wasdetermined that there might be some other regulatory mechanisms, responsible for anthocyaninbiosynthesis in the root region of carrot.