Health effects of carthamus tinctorius (safflower) plant and development of sterilization protocol of its seeds

Plant tissue culture studies are one of the pretreatments carried out to increase crop yield by preventing germination in plant seeds. Although there is no general protocol for plant sterilization, sterilization protocols vary according to the Botanical and taxonomic characteristics of each plant, the adaptation and genetic characteristics it provides to the region where it grows. In the literature, the absence of such a protocol for safflower seeds leads to a decrease in production efficiency and an increase in the cost of secondary products derived from safflower seeds. An up-to-date sterilization protocol has been developed to increase the production of safflower seeds and derive products, rich in phenolic components and used in many pharmaceutical and phytotherapeutic fields, which are known to have health benefits. In this context, repeated plant tissue culture studies were conducted with sterilizers specific to safflower seed, which will increase production efficiency but do not cause genetic polymorphism and corrosion in endosperm with 3N chromosomes. Corrosives were used by dilution, and this did not damage the 3N chromosome endosperm, targeting the protein walls of microorganisms on the seed surface without eroding the seed surface, thereby providing biological sterilization. Besides, because it does not contain heavy metals, it did not cause polymorphism, that is, a mutation in the genetic sequence of the seed. Moreover, the environment and the equipment were sterilized with 2-3 repetitions, sterilizer treatment, planting, and germination operations were performed in a sterile environment this, in turn, allowed an isolated assessment of the yield of solution G. Key words: safflower seeds, sterilization protocol, plant tissue culture, phenolic compounds, safflower seed oil