Hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) analizi kullanarak İHA kanat tasarımının aerodinamik optimizasyonu

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the structural and aerodynamic performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wings constructed from both traditional and composite materials. Specifically, the research focuses on three material configurations: conventional aluminum, Epoxy Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) reinforced with 65% long glass fibers, and Epoxy E-glass composites. The primary objective is to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency and structural integrity of UAV wings through optimal material selection. A detailed computational analysis was conducted utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate aerodynamic forces such as lift and drag across all material cases. This was followed by a one-way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis to assess the structural responses of the wings under realistic flight conditions. Additionally, modal analysis was performed to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the wing structures, identifying critical vibrational modes that could impact flight stability. The CFD analysis provided consistent aerodynamic load data for all material configurations, quantifying the forces acting on the wings. The subsequent FSI analysis offered insights into how each material handled stress distributions, deformation characteristics, and structural strains under operational loads. The results revealed significant differences among the materials in terms of safety factors, deformations, and natural frequency behaviors. Notably, the composite materials outperformed aluminum by exhibiting superior structural strength and reduced weight, leading to higher safety margins and improved resistance to vibrational stresses. Among the composites, the Epoxy E-glass material demonstrated the highest safety factor and the most balanced performance regarding stress distribution and deformation control, indicating its superiority for UAV wing design. This research underscores the critical importance of material selection in UAV design, particularly for wing structures where aerodynamic efficiency and structural durability are paramount. The findings provide valuable insights for future UAV developments, highlighting the potential of advanced composite materials to optimize performance, reduce structural weight, and ensure safer, more reliable operation under varying flight conditions.