Professional discussions of the ahl-i ḥadīth in the 4th/10th century

4./10. century is a time period in which important political, social and scientific changes were experienced in the Islamic world. The science of hadith is one of the fields where this change is experienced. In this period, there were important changes in the hadith literature culture, the transfer of books became widespread, hadith literature met new types of literature, and studies that had an impact on the next centuries were made. The aforementioned changes affected the Ahl-i Ḥadīth as well as the hadith literature and affected the maturation of the tendencies within the scholars of ḥadīth and their becoming independent in the next period. In this study, it is aimed to focus on the discussions among the Ahl-i Ḥadīth in the mentioned time period. Because the attitudes of the tendencies in the discussions in the Ahl-i Ḥadīth are important in terms of understanding their world of thought. Examining these discussions provides significant results in terms of issues such as the regional appearance of the trends and the determination of the effects of political and social events in the relevant time period on the ḥadīth literature. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were reached: Ahl-i Ḥadīth is not a monotonous sect, but has periodic and regional appearances. They are not a group closed to self-criticism, and their introverted style differs from those they regard as opponents. The concepts and principles that find their place in the science of ḥadīth are in a close connection with the history of ḥadīth culture. In the 4./10. century, especially with Ashʿarī (d. 324/935-36), the Ashʿarī trend began to mature, along with the influence of Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal in the Ahl-i Ḥadīth. Ahl-i Ḥadīth scholars, who are active in Bag̲h̲dād and Khurāsān- Mā Warāʾ al-Nahr regions, have a different position from each other in terms of the types of works that are copyrighted and the subjects examined.