İbn Haldun and Montesqui̇eu society and state union

Ibn Khaldun, a historian who laid the foundations of sociology, lived in the 14th century and presented ideas in many areas from politics to economy, from history to sociology. His thoughts are way ahead of his time, so his ideas and thoughts have been accepted over time. Ibn Khaldun has put forward the "Science of Umran" with a new understanding of history. He described this science in detail in his work Muqaddimah. He analyzed the society with this understanding of science and exam-ined the formation process of states. Ibn Khaldun examined the birth, development and collapse of the society and the reasons for by scientific method. The subject of the Science of Umran, has been the social life of human beings and he stated that the reason is social phenomena. Through this science Ibn Khaldun formed the theory of the state. According to him, from the foundation of the state to the collapse, all phas-es are connected by causality. Ibn Khaldun emphasized the concept of asabiyyah (social cohesion) while examining society. The concept of asabiyyah (social cohesion) and Umran are one of the most important concepts of Ibn Khaldun. Montesquieu is one of the 18th century enlightenment thinkers. His thoughts in his work The Spirit of Laws show us the spirit of enlightenment in him. Montesquieu, who is also a jurist, examined the laws in general and tried to reveal the laws that each society created in its own way from these general laws. In his work he stated that he examined the spirit of the laws. According to Montesquieu, all of the material and moral values of a society influenced the laws of that society. He stated that there are values such as climate, geography, management style, religion, morality etc. a co-untry. As a result, all these reasons have determined the general order of that society. This general order formed the spirit of the laws. He divided the forms of government into three categories, the Republic, Monarchy and Despotism. He developed the idea that the working areas of the legislative, executive and judicial powers existing in these administrations should be seperated. He supported this distinction with pheno-mena such as climate, geography, religion, etc. He explained which is more favorable for each society. Montesquieu, in his work, by giving the final form of the theory of "Separation of Forces" and influenced today's democracies. Accordingly, Monte-squieu's views on the forms of government and separation of powers are inseparable. Although both thinkers set out with different methods and points of view, bri-eflyy for different purposes, they reached consensus at similar points although they reached different places. At this point, the most important point that constitutes the basis of his works emphasized point: Society and State. In this study, Ibn Khaldun and Montesquieu, who shed light on the under-standing of society and the state in our time, have been able to analyzed the realities of today's, have also been examined in terms of their understanding of society and the state. For this reason, the bibliography of life and period to specify the condi-tions, and then the concept of ime society and the state of both engaged in the two works of this point where the views of the Muqaddimah and Spirit of the Laws, in terms of society and the state of the two thinkers were compared in this way. Keywords: History, Muqaddimah, Umran, Asabiyyah (social cohesion), State, Society, Climate, Spirit of Law, Separation of Forces