الشواهد الشعرية في شرح شذور الذهب لابن هشام (دراسة أدبية)

The study dealt with the poetic evidences in the book "Sharḥ Sudhụr al-Dhahab fī maʼrifat Kalām al-Arab" by Ibn Hisham (d. 761 AH) in a literary way, and is based on four chapters, preceded by an introduction, followed by a conclusion, and then comes the sources and references. The introduction to the study stated: Introducing the book Sharḥ sudhụr al-Dhahab and its author, the poetic evidance and its status in the book. The first chapter focused on the poets of poetic evidence in terms of their classes and the ratio of evidence to them, and showed that some of them are from the pre-Islamic, some from who lived through paganism and Islam, some from the Islamists, and a few of them from the Muladís, and that some of them are unknown and some of them are known. The second chapter explained the meanings of poetic purposes in the evidence, which are nine purposes: pride, spelling, flirting, wisdom, praise, lamentation, description, apology, and admonition, and showed that these meanings were mostly appropriate for the educational purpose for which the book was developed. The third chapter revealed the linguistic and musical formations of the structure of poetic evidence. From the linguistic point of view, the study showed the formation in the times of various acts: the past, the present, the imperative and the passive, and showed the formation with meaning enhancers, especially: counterpoint, exaggeration and taking into account the analogy. From the musical point of view, it dealt with the formation with verbal enhancers, especially: the response of putting one of the two repeated words, or homonyms, at the beginning of the paragraph, and the other at the end and alliteration, and dealt with the formation with rhymes that were narrated on nineteen letters of Arabic, as well as the formation with rhythm that came on eleven seas of Arabic poetry. The fourth chapter showed the artistic depiction of poetic evidence by studying the mechanisms of shaping this depiction from linguistic and mental metaphors, transmitted, emphatic and implied similes, metonymy, and metaphor and declarative metaphor. Then the conclusion, which includes the results of the study, followed by the recommendations.