Georgia between two World Wars: 1918-1939

The Republic of Georgia is a small county in the South of the Soviet Union and in the west of Caucasian countries. Being one of the oldest nations in the world, Georgian people have a very lively history that dates back to ages.Its geographical location between Asia and Europe, and many other factors contributed to a lot its social, politic, economic and cultural revolution. The advantageous position and the national wealth of Georgia has attracted, throughout the history, some countries among which are Russia and Turkey. The country had been invaded by Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Caspians, Seljuks, Mongolians, Iranians, Ottomans and Russians.Georgia is of vital importance both in terms of Caucasian region and in terms of Russia and Turkey due to its geo-strategic position. It is located in the middle of most transportation and commercial roads reaching to Caucasian and Middle Asian countries.For Georgia, Turkey is not only a neighbour that would balance the power of Russia, but also a gate to the West, and an economic power that would contribute in its development.Here in this study, we will focus more on the developments that occurred in Caucasia after the Russian Revolution in 1917. Georgians, who were exhausted after long years of independence wars, were invaded by the Carzdom at the beginning of the XIX. th century. After many years of struggles, they founded a democratic republic and reappeared on the scene of history. For this reason, May 1918, the date when the Georgians and the other Caucasian nations such as Azerbaijanis and Armenians, is of special meaning and value.The purpose of this research is to study the conflicting interests of Russia, the Ottoman Empire, England, Germany and the Southern Caucasia during the World War I, after the Bolshevik Revolution in Georgia, and to study these countries? common policies, and their diplomatic and military activities within the framework of these policies, and to analyze the consequences there of. In this context, in addition to Georgia?s Caucasian policy with the Entente and the Central Powers toward the end of World War-I, the internal policy of the Ottoman Empire along with the movements that shape this policy and the external reasons directing the Ottomans to Caucasia have also been evaluated. Finally, the activities aimed at making the Caucasian policy successful have been studied.Key Words: Georgians, Caucasia, Trans-Caucasia, Bolshevik Revolution, Discipline Caucasus.