In the first century (756\852) the Andalusian Umayyad State

The Umayyad State of Damascus, with the policies it implemented, caused the state to weaken by losing its central authority. Following this, the people who were dissatisfied with the government united around the Abbasids and started an uprising. In a short time, the Abbasids, supported by many groups, organized a revolution against the Umayyads and liquidated their institutions. These events caused various political developments. Wanting to save their lives by escaping from the Abbasid massacre, Umayyad dynasty members and Umayyad supporters fled Damascus and settled in North Africa and its surroundings. Thus, they took an opposing stance against the Abbasids and pioneered political and ideological movements. In this regard, Abdurrahman b. gathered supporters in North Africa. Muaviye moved to Andalusia and laid the foundations of the new political formation that would constitute the continuation of the Umayyad State. VIII. The Andalusian Umayyad State, founded in the mid-19th century, is among the political actors that gave a new direction to Islamic history. 138 \ In 756 Abdurrahman b. This state, founded by Muaviye, had to struggle with internal and external forces (Franks, Spanish states) in order to establish dominance in the Andalusian Peninsula. Abdurrahman, who initially gained strength by uniting the Berber tribes in North Africa, moved to the peninsula after establishing contact with Andalusia. Taking advantage of social divisions, the Emir established dominance and became the representative of Islam in Europe. Abdurrahman, who did not give up despite all the negativities he encountered, tried to make progress in various fields, especially in administrative and scientific fields. Hisham b. came to power after his death. Abdurrahman struggled to follow in his father's footsteps in domestic and foreign policy. Hisham's most distinctive feature is that he is religious. For this reason, the lifestyle of Ömer b. He has been compared to Abdulaziz. During this period, the Maliki sect found a place for itself in Andalusia. Hakem b., the third emir of the Andalusian Umayyad State. Hisham's period appears as a period with different policies compared to other emirs. During his reign, he was disturbed by the high positions of scholars in state positions. In addition, Hakem b. tried to maintain peace in domestic politics by giving deterrent punishments. Because of these attitudes, Hisham was wanted to be dethroned. The referee intervened in the situation and saved his throne. The last emir we discussed is Abdurrahman b. The referee period is a period when foreign relations are intense. During the period, diplomatic contacts were established with the Byzantine Empire and an agreement was made for cooperation. Among the notable features of this period are the Norman attacks. Following these attacks, efforts were made to strengthen the navy in Andalusia. All emirs organized raids and expeditions in line with the war and jihad policies and achieved regional dominance by gaining various spoils. Especially X. and XI. The Andalusian Umayyad State, which reached the peak of its power in the centuries, managed to have a say in the Mediterranean. The rulers, who supported political stability with the socio-cultural field, built the state on solid foundations that would last for eight centuries. Thus, they reflected the cosmopolitan structure called "Andalusian Civilization" in various fields, especially political, administrative, scientific and architectural fields.