Revolutions impact of the Turkish women (1919-1937)

ABSTRACTThe status of Turkish women has shown changes during the history. By theaccepting of Islam women has almost same rights with man at the ancient turkish. As aresult of the religional and traditional system occurred, as it totally changed. By the time,Turkish women have been removed from society and responsed house wife.At the Ottoman, with the beginning of moving back, has suffered defeat. Thatshows that country needs to be modernized in some institution.Prosess of westernize which is named with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Humayun thatadvertised in 1839 the period of Tanzimat. In 1908 with the advertising of II. MeşrutiyetKanun-i Esasi has been accepted and the new period began with the opening of Meclis-iMebusan. In this period status of women has been changed by important improvements. In1914 University (İnas Darü?l Fünun) has been opened for the student of girl.This Period because of appearing of 1.th world war, woman have begun to workdifferent jobs instead of teacher. This situation has made some changes in women sociallife. Brought out Hukuk-i Aile Kararname has made some little changes without avoidingreligious source to the family law, which was arranged by Islamic law. It is becomeoperative in 1917 but it is removed in 1919 and Islamic laws again become oprative.While these improvements are lived at the Ottoman Empire, west has been livingsome strong improvements as a result of Renascence and Reform movements, Geographicinvestigating, and effects of technological improvements. These improvements made kindpower more important than man power. With the Industrial Revaluation woman began towork with salary as a worker status in the society.Women have fighted for their rights in the all society of world. Turkish womenmade different fight than any other world society woman?s fight to have right in society.War of Independence is an extraordinary example of rebirth of Turkey. Turkish womenhave fighted with the man for their independence at the War of Independence. As a resultof independence fight, fight of improvement of women rights began. This time fight ofignorance began. There is going to be fight to get rid of ignorance both general society andcustomly Turkish women.The most important revolution that is appeared period of republic in internationaleducation is to end two head education by bringing out Tevhid-i Tedrisat law in 1924. Bythe first step of qualifying women rights law has made new arrangements in education.Clothes an alphabet changes are different changes made in social improvement. WomenIIIclothes are one of the most important subjects for Atatürk. Because a modern country musthave a modern clothes. Because of this, as a fez and garment subject are considered inmeeting that is made in Kastamonu in 1925. But there were no law for the garment.Because religion and tradition are not placed to leave in society. Alphabet revelation hasbeen made in 1928, as a result it is understood that writing is not a religias problem it iscivilization problem and this problem must be solved. Women began to learn reading,writing and learning with new alphabet.Law revolution, which is made by Atatürk is adopted to west law system instead ofancient law system. By the accepting of Turkish civil law in 1926, women has been givenequality law opposite the man.At the period of republic to be joined to economical production for women aremade important decition. New trade schools are opened. By the Memurin Law womenbegan to be a clerk in 1926. From that time to today they populated. It is real that, worklaw has very important effects for woman to work. With the accepted law, women, manand children?s work conditions are rearranged.To be given the woman election right is the most important revolution that republicmade. Years of 1930 are the beginning point for the woman political rights. In 1930Turkish women are given the right of election of city hall. In 1934 Turkish women are alsogiven the right of election of member of Parliament. But Turkish women still couldn?tcatch the first vote rate. Our women make headway to the social, economical, legal fieldsand still continue to involve in politics.IV