Investigation, isolation and molecular diagnosis of bacteria that cause chronic tonsillitis and its relationship to the patient's immunity

Acute tonsillitis is a primary medical care consultation that may develop to recurrent tonsillitis (RAT), chronic tonsillitis and ~30% of patients require a tonsillectomy, which is associated with a high frequency of missed work or influence on quality of life. The present study was achieved in two largest Hospitals including Al- Hakeem, and Al-Sadr Medical City as well as some clinical laboratories in Najaf province-Iraq, through the period from January, 2022 to April, 2022. Collection of samples from 149 patients with tonsillitis. From each patient, a swab from the tonsils and a blood sample, all patients were aged between 3-38 years. From total patients 83 of them were infected with acute infection while 66 were chronic. According to residence type 73 of them were rural while 76 lived in the city. Swabs were taken from tonsil surface and from tonsil core then culturing on different media for 24 hours at 37°C for bacterial growth and diagnosis by morphological, biochemical, two mL of a venous blood sample was collected from each patient and control for ELISA assaying to determine the level of IL-6 and IL-4. Genetic study for investigation about bla tem and blashv genes. The results showed according to type of infections patients with acute infection more than chronic. According to residence type, there are less rural people than those who live in the city. The (6–12 years) category was the largest category, while the Elderly (> 30 years) category was the least. Staph. aureus was the most prevalent, followed by bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, finally Strep spp. Klebsiella spp and E. coli with the same samples for each of them. Staph aureus most bacteria cause infections in tonsillitis. The results showed that patients' serum levels of IL-6 and IL-4 were significantly higher than those of healthy controls.