Biological and pomological studies on some almond varieties grown in Isparta

This study was carried out on almond flowers and fruits which were taken from two almond orchards in Keçiborlu District of Isparta Province in 2019-2020. Phenological, biological and pomological analyzes of "Ferragnes", "Ferraduel", "Nonpareil" and "Texas" cultivars were examined and fruit set rates were determined in the study. The earliest flowering variety is Nonpariel (30-31 March 2019, 3-4 April 2020), the latest flowering and Ferraduel (8-9 April 2019, 14-15 April 2020) in both years. According to the results of the pomological examination, the highest crustal (endocarp) fruit weight was found in Ferraduel variety in both years (2019; 4.988 g and 2020; 4.923 g). The lowest rind (endocarp) fruit weight was determined in Texas cultivar in both trial years (2019; 4.406 gr and 2020; 4.419 gr). Ferraduel variety has the highest kernel weight of 1.771 g in 2019. In 2020, the highest kernel weight of almonds is in the Ferragnes variety with 1.655 g. The variety with the highest internal yield is Nonpariel (62%). In the pollen performance tests conducted within the scope of biological investigations, the average number of anthers in a flower was obtained from Ferraduel with 31.15 at most, and the lowest from 29.5 from Nonpariel variety. The average pollen amount in a flower is between 9653 (Nonpariel) and 14723 (Ferraduel). The average pollen number in an anther was found to be the lowest in the Nonpariel variety with 330.82, and the highest in the Ferraduel variety with 474.63. The highest germination rate was found at 18°C (72.23%) in the counts made 24 hours after pollen sowing, followed by 25°C (71.60%). When the temperature was increased to 30°C, a significant decrease in pollen germination rate was observed for all cultivars (17.98%), and the lowest pollen germination rates were obtained at 35°C (5.17%).