İstanbulda otobüs yolcularının iniş ve biniş hizmet sürelerinin incelenmesi

In today's world, with increasing population and car ownership, the health of cities, and their ability to generate income and wealth for their inhabitants, will be improved if the transportation system is efficient. In all transportation modes, travel time is one of the largest categories of transport challenges, and time savings are often claimed to be the greatest benefit of transportation systems such as roadway and public transportation improvements. Travel time plays an important role in the urban transportation systems. Travel time savings are the principal parameter of public transportation quality. Hence improving the travel time in the public transportation system will improve its usage dramatically. The bus travel time consists of two components; running time and dwell time at bus stop. While bus dwell time consists of the time needed to open and close the doors, and passengers' service time. The aim of this thesis is to investigate and evaluate the factors that affect bus passengers' service time in Istanbul. These factors are related to the properties of buses, passengers and operating conditions. Chapter one comprises the motivation, objectives and organization of the thesis. Chapter two contains the literature review. The brief introduction of bus travel time and factors influencing bus travel time are explained and then, the definition and application of dwell time are discussed in this chapter. Chapter three of this thesis contains brief information about transportation in Istanbul and chapter four encompasses the case study of thesis. In order to investigate the factors that affect passenger service time, buses are divided as low and high floor types and passengers are distinguished by their gender and age, such as under 25, 25 to 40, 40 to 65 and over 65. Three levels of bus crowdedness are considered to evaluate the effects of bus crowdedness on passenger service time. In the context of this thesis, chi-square tests were implemented to investigate the distribution of data. Moreover, Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to determine the difference of statistical effects of each variable groups. The results of Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests showed that on boarding process, the effect of passenger gender and bus crowdedness are statistically significant. However, in terms of passenger age, there is no statistical difference between age groups' of 25-40 and 40-65. On the other hand, on the alighting process, the effects of gender and age of passengers are statistically significant, however in terms of bus crowdedness, there is no significant difference between level 1 and 2. Furthermore, regression analyses were carried out in order to investigate the relationship between different considered variables and passenger service time. These investigations were performed for boarding and alighting service times separately. In the final chapter, chapter five, the conclusions of this thesis are given.