Tefadul and its impacts on the formation of faith sects

During the time of the Prophet (PBUH), Muslims were in complete submission and sincerity. As we moved away from the Age of Bliss, religious issues were put into narrow patterns and conflicts arose as a result of different interpretations. Sects emerged from different views of the opponents who could not tolerate each other. In the history of Islam, there are many subjects that have been discussed among the circles of Islamic faith sects as a result of conflicts. Sects, which are human formations in terms of scientific and intellectual aspects, have put forward perspectives and ideas different from each other. These differences of opinion between sects deepened and turned into bigotry, and the discussions of these formations, whose perception and thought structures were different, turned into an effort to prevail over time, causing tension and conflicts. Debates based on virtue are one of the important issues that sects focus on. In particular, the idea of highlighting one or some of the Companions and ignoring the others fuelled discord and caused it to spread among the Ummah and deepen. The sect phenomenon, which should be built on respect and love and lead to positive results, has caused tension and conflict, and some of the sects have turned towards domination and conflicts by producing violent actions. The sects that emerged after the Prophet (PBUH) tried to justify their views by fabricating hadiths in order to prove themselves superior, denigrate their opponents, and exclude them from Islam. Serious conflicts have arisen among Muslims as a result of fabricated hadiths. Sects and thought movements should stay away from bigotry and avoid such bad ideas for the sake of unity and solidarity. Our study examines the idea of superiority and seeing themselves more virtuous, which gets popular among sects and belief groups. In this context, it studies the sects' ideology of superiority and how they marginalize other sects and schools of IV thought. The study consists of an introduction and three parts. The first part includes the subject, purpose, content and sources of the study. In the second part, the concept of virtue, its emergence and how the debates manifested are examined. In the third part, inter-sectarian virtue and the guidance and misguidance aspects of the sects are analysed.