Urbanization and urban culture in the volga bulgars

Volga Bulgars, who were affiliated to the Khazar Khaganate at the beginning of the 10th century, officially accepted Islam in 922 under the leadership of Almush and gained absolute independence in the second half of the 10th century. But before the nationalization of the Bulgars, the active functioning of the business lines in the country, the acceleration and standardization of the production and the transformation of the surplus product into capital led the development of the Bulgarian cities of Volga-Kama. In this respect, although trade and craft played an important role in the emergence of the Volga Bulgarian cities, the business lines dominating the settlements did not constitute the only factor that influenced the formation of the cities. In addition to the religious, social and administrative considerations of the Bulgars, the geographical conditions of the region also caused the formation of cities and their spatial structures to differ. Bulgarian cities, which were shaped as multi-faceted organisms, emerged as a result of cultural transfers rather than a single origin, which caused the urban culture to exhibit a complex structure.