The problem of knowledge on qadi abd al-jabbar

Qadi Abd al-Jabbar, who lived in X. century, is one of the most noteworthy personalities in Islamic Theology (Kalam). He is seen as the last great leader of Mutazilite madhab, one of early Islamic schools of thought, which has been accepted as the founder and the most rationalistic representative of Islamic Theology. He is also among the most important names who narrated the basic tenets of Mutazilite. In his defining of knowledge, Qadi Abd al-Jabbar stresses on the term of ?the tranquillity of soul?. For him, it is no other term but only ?the tranquillity of soul? which is distinctive of certain knowledge. Only and only through this knowledge can man reach the truth of existing things. Thus, he is of the opinion that scepticism is not true in its claim that certain knowledge is not possible. Qadi Abd al-Jabbar thinks that knowledge is divided into two main parts. First of them is the necessary knowledge (al-`ilm al-darûrî) created within the heart of man by God, the other inferential knowledge (al-`ilm al-muktasab) acquired through thinking. Necessary knowledge can both arise from human experience such as cognizance and hearsay, and be created by God without any reason. As fort he acquired knowledge that human reason can produce without it any aid. Thinking (nazar) in right way is a source for certain knowledge. Qadi Abd al-Jabbar do not take such widely accepted ways as ape and inspiration as the proper sources for true knowledge.