Karyolgical peculiarities of spalacidae family (mammalia:rodentia) species in North-Iraq (kurdistan region)

Spalacidae (Mole Rat) are highly adapted for life underground and have limited movement. Morphologically, they are cylindrical, powerful, heavy-bodied animals with short limbs and claws, and projecting incisors. Spalacidae occur in southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia; through the chernozem belt of the Russian plain to the Caspian, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Libya. Spalacids are good model for speciation and explain to chromosomal variation in biology science especially evolution of living and to understand the inadequacy of morphologic species (typology) concept because of they have chromosomal polymorphism, sibling species and active speciation. It was done dense studies on karyology and morphologic peculiarities of these animals at many countries. However it does not go beyond to limited studies that were carried out by some native and foreign researches for this family in Iraq. It need to do detail study because of it was not reveal the distribution range, morphologic and especially karyologic peculiarities of these animals. All samples have 2n=52 diploid chromosomes. Duhok (Bardarash), Mosul example commodity 11 pairs of meta / submetacentric, 14 pairs acrocentric, and large commodity X, and Y is small acrocentric 2n = 52, NF = 76, but; Erbil,Sulaymaniyah and Kirkuk samples NF=80, 13 pairs of meta/submetacentric, 11 pairs acrocentric and large commodity X, Y is small acrocentric 2n = 52, NF = 76, was found as NF = 80. In this study, two chromosomal forms of Nannospalax ehrenbergi are distributed in Iraq, which was emerged