Energy diplomacy of Kazakhstan on the Caspian Sea

The Caspian region is a unique water body with a specific geographical landscape and large mineral reserves. With the increase in the number of countries with access to the sea from two (USSR and Iran) to five (Russia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan) after the collapse of the USSR, previous agreements on the international legal status of the Caspian (between the Russian Socialist Republic and Iran in 1921 and 1940) between the USSR and Iran began to be questioned by the new states. The disagreement between the Caspian states regarding the determination of the legal status of the Caspian is based on many reasons that prevent the solution of this problem. In the study, the historical background of the Caspian region in the 20th century, when the last legal status was consolidated, and the new political situation that emerged after 1991 are examined. In the context of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is the main subject of our study, based on national interests, good relations with neighbors and world powers, balance and multi-faceted policy principles, as a result of the diplomacy, political decisions and legal regulations it has carried out on the Caspian region since 1991, It has been tried to explain the priorities, principles, tools and practical results of the economic policy, energy policy and energy security policy of Turkey. At the same time, given the historical background of the region as a whole, the diplomacy and decisions taken by the five countries of the region (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan), which are the main actors of the economic and political conflict under consideration, in the Caspian reservoir, and the cooperation that they did in the economic projects they embarked on were also valued. Finally, it was concluded that energy security is an important element in the national security system of the state of Kazakhstan, it constitutes a heavy share of the country's economy and greatly affects foreign policy. The research subject has been analyzed within the framework of the realist International Political Economy theory since the concept of foreign policy is related to the state (Kazakhstan), which is considered the main actor, starting from the Caspian Sea energy policy of the Kazakhstan state.